British government says 75 out of 75 buildings failed fire safety tests

LONDON – When a short-circuiting fridge transformed London’s 24-story Grenfell Tower from a home for hundreds to a charred ruin, officials described it as a horrific anomaly – an “unprecedented” blaze, in the words of the city’s fire commissioner, the likes of which had not been seen in modern Britain.

But now, after nearly two weeks, dozens of failed safety inspections and the hurried evacuation of thousands of public housing residents, Grenfell is looking like something else entirely: a dire warning.

The blaze that claimed at least 79 lives – residents say the true toll is far higher – has prompted tests that point to an epidemic of flammable exterior cladding on high-rise buildings across the country.

Of the 75 buildings tested so far, a senior government minister said Monday, 75 have failed fire safety tests – up from 60 out of 60 on Sunday.

Far from being an isolated case, critics say, Grenfell was symptomatic of a loose regulatory system that allowed as many 600 residential towers to be encased in a material that helps to spread flames, rather than stop them.

For the cash-strapped local councils that manage the buildings – and for the tens of thousands of residents who live in them – the revelations have brought agonized choices: Evacuate without a plan for where people should go next, or allow them to stay and risk another Grenfell?

“Everyone is absolutely terrified,” said Kathleen Hughes, who cares for her husband, an Alzheimer’s patient, on the seventh floor of a north London high-rise that is wrapped in a similar cladding to that found at Grenfell. “There are a lot of children on that top floor. We have one staircase.”

Her building has not been evacuated, and she said that despite her fears, she hopes it isn’t. “I’m 75 for God’s sake,” she said. “I don’t need all of this on top of what I got.”

For the British government, rapidly growing evidence of the true scale of the problem has brought a different kind of question, but one that’s no less difficult: Why was a type of cladding that was long banned on high-rises in the United States and continental Europe permitted to be used on towers in the U. K.?

The maker of the cladding – the U.S.-based successor to metals giant Alcoa, which is now known as Arconic – said Monday it was pulling the product worldwide from use on tall buildings.

“We believe this is the right decision because of the inconsistency of building codes across the world and issues that have arisen in the wake of the Grenfell Tower tragedy,” the firm said in a statement.

The type of cladding – known as Reynobond PE – has sheets of aluminum surrounding a flammable plastic core. It’s cheaper than a fire-resistant version, also sold by Arconic, that has metal in place of the plastic.

British investigators have said the Grenfell blaze began when a fridge in a fourth-floor apartment caught fire, then rapidly climbed the building’s exterior, using the cladding and insulation as fuel. The building was engulfed in flames within minutes, and it burned for days.

The British government said last week that as many as 600 high-rise buildings could have similar types of cladding, and need to be tested. But so far, only a fraction have been.

“We would say to all landlords out there, please urgently send those samples in,” Housing Minister Alok Sharma told the BBC on Monday.

In a statement to Parliament later Monday, minister for communities Sajid Javid said private landlords should also send in samples for the government to test. Until Monday, the tests were focused exclusively on public housing.