Cutter great for tile work

Fri., July 11, 2008

By Tim Carter Tribune Media Services

Tile cutting tips

Frequently you have to make L-shaped or U-shaped cuts as you work with ceramic tile. On an L-shaped cut, you can make the second cut with the ceramic-tile cutter, but the first cut will need to be made with a rod saw or a diamond-wet saw. You can also use a nipping tool to help make these cuts. A nipping tool is similar to pliers, but has carbide edges that bite away at the tile. They are handy tools.

As ceramic tile gets thicker, the resulting cut edge is rougher. You can use a sharpening stone to dress the cut edge so it is much smoother. This is as very important step if the cut edge will be visible. Some cut-tile edges are never visible. The first tile that butts into an inside corner and is then covered slightly by the second tile that makes the finished corner is an example.

Be sure to test new ceramic-tile cutters to ensure they do cut a square line. Most cutters will produce an acceptable line, but the larger a tile is, the more important it is the cut line is square.

If you plan to keep your ceramic-tile cutter for a long time, be sure to clean it after each use. Store it indoors, if possible, so that it does not rust.

Dear Tim: I have never used a ceramic-tile cutter. Is cutting tile really possible with such a simple tool? How can such a tool make straight cuts without shattering the tile? What tips can you offer when working with this tool? Is it faster cutting tile by hand, or should I just rent a tile-cutting saw? –Steve K., Oak Park, Ill.

Dear Steve: You bet it is possible to make highly acceptable cuts with a ceramic-tile cutter. I have done it for many years, and there are tens of thousands of professional tile setters who use this tool each day. Depending upon the tile being cut, you can make precision cuts with a regular tile cutter that rival cuts made on a wet diamond tile saw.

The reason a ceramic-tile cutter works is fairly simple. These tools are equipped with a sharp carbide or tungsten-steel wheel. A lever allows you to drag the wheel across the glazed finished surface of the tile. The wheel scratches and cuts into the glazed finish creating a plane of weakness. When you press down on the handle of the tool, pressure is applied equally to the tile on each side of the cut line.

Many common ceramic tiles are made from clay, which is much softer than the ultra-thin glazed surface, which has the hardness of glass. Ceramic tile is very strong when you compress or squeeze it, but it has less than 10 percent of this strength when you apply tension to it. Bending or pulling is a tension force, and this is exactly what happens when you press down on the handle of the cutter. The tile begins to bend and cracks readily on the scored line. This is why you are often able to tear a piece of paper in a straight line after putting a hard crease in the paper. The crease creates a plane of weakness.

I have used several different ceramic-tile cutters over the years. I have discovered that the hand cutters that cost a little more money tend to make better cuts. The extra money you spend will often allow you to get a tool that has better mechanical advantage, cuts perfectly square and is easier to use.

Look for ceramic-tile cutters that have rotating guides that allow you to make angle cuts from 0 to 45 degrees. Some tile cutters have attachments that allow you to make circle scribe cuts for faucet valve holes.

Be sure the tool is well lubricated, as the cutting wheel needs to rotate freely and the sliding arm needs to move with ease.

You should experiment making cuts on some inexpensive ceramic tile. If you try to cut all types of tile, you will quickly discover that porcelain tile and thicker tile are considerably harder to cut. As tile gets thicker, the thin scored line in the glazing is not enough to guarantee a perfectly straight snapped line in the tile. Porcelain tile often contains a higher amount of crystallized silica, and as such it wants to break in an unpredictable conchoidal fracture. You can cut porcelain tile with this tool, but be prepared for more waste.

It is difficult to make narrow cuts on most ceramic tile with ceramic-tile cutters. Any successful cuts that are 1/2 inch or less in width are pure luck. It is best to use a wet diamond tile saw to make narrow cuts.

As crazy as it seems, it is far faster to cut tile with a simple ceramic-tile cutter than a wet diamond saw. With practice, you can probably cut three or four tiles with a simple cutter in the same amount of time it takes to cut one tile using an expensive diamond wet saw. Believe me, I have both tools, but the ceramic-tile diamond wet saw is used to cut thicker tiles, granite, marble and other things you simply can’t cut with a ceramic-tile cutter.

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