Indoor farming trend sowing seeds of change
Power remains biggest hurdle for many operations
BEDFORD PARK, Ill. – Farming in abandoned warehouses has become a hot trend in the Midwest – with varying degrees of success – as more entrepreneurs worldwide experiment with indoor growing systems in attempts to grow more food locally.
Now one facility, FarmedHere LLC in suburban Chicago, is attempting to take indoor warehouse farming to the “mega farm” level, in a region of the country known more for its massive hog, corn and soybean farms than for crops of boutique greens.
The company, based in Bedford Park, Ill., is finishing the first of four phases, with plans to expand by the end of next year to 150,000 square feet of vertical growing space.
Already, they say they are the largest vertical farm in the country, a claim experts who monitor the field believe to be true. The farm supplies local grocery with fresh basil, arugula and other greens.
Right now, the farm has two large structures with five to six levels of massive growing beds that are lit with fluorescent lighting.
One structure, where basil is grown, is “aquaponic.” Water underneath the plants – which rest in cutouts in styrofoam “floats” – circulates through a system from the plants to two large tanks of fish. The other structure, where arugula is grown, is “aeroponic,” with water misters underneath that spray the plants’ exposed roots.
A third structure is under construction and will be completed soon, owners at FarmedHere say.
Workers plant the seeds and grow seedlings on racks, then transfer into the growing systems.
After about a month, the crops – certified as “organic” by the USDA – are harvested and packaged by about a dozen workers in a cooling room at the facility. Early the morning after the harvests, workers use two vans to deliver those greens – mainly basil and arugula right now – to grocers in Chicago and suburbs, including Whole Foods and Mariano’s Fresh Market locations.
CEO Jolanta Hardej calls it “on-demand farming.”
“Let’s say that the demand is suddenly for various types of arugula or various types of mixed greens, or mini greens,” she says. “We could change the whole system … and pretty much within the next 14 to 28 days, we have a full grown plant, whatever the market requires.”
The biggest stumbling block for facilities like FarmedHere remains power – the amount of electricity to run the lights that help the plants grow. Heating these massive spaces also can be costly.
Experts in the field say this will also be a big challenge for FarmedHere, because of its size.
A few other indoor farms in Wisconsin and Chicago have gone out of business, or are struggling to stay open.
“It’s hard to get there for sure,” says Sylvia Bernstein, an aquaponics supplier based in Boulder, Colo., who blogs about the trend. “There are a lot of people working on it.”
Some growers are experimenting with solar, wind and methane as ways to generate the power. Others are supplementing artificial light with natural greenhouse or window lighting.
Hardej says FarmedHere is looking at methane options. Though she declined to elaborate for competitive reasons, she said the eventual goal is for the facility to be self-sustaining.
Many believe indoor farms that rely on artificial light will become even more viable as energy-efficient LED lighting improves and becomes more affordable.
But Dickson Despommier, a retired Columbia University microbiologist who wrote the book “The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century,” says powering farms is still the biggest hurdle for the industry – one that many farmers are often reluctant to talk about publicly.
“A lot of them will tuck their head under their wings and say, ‘Wait and see,’ ” he says, noting that he’s eager to see large indoor farming models in Japan that use both artificial and natural light. He says entrepreneurs in Germany also are experimenting with flickering lights that use less power but still emit enough light to grow plants.
“In another two or three years, this will shake out,” Despommier says. “And we’ll see which systems work, and which don’t.”