Small businesses still feeling stress

The stock market is flying high, but much of small-business America remains grounded.

Unlike the big corporations that have been raking in huge profits and stoking the stock market toward record highs this week for the Dow Jones industrial average, most small firms have yet to enjoy the fruits of the 3-year-old recovery.

Even though some small employers are starting to see daylight, particularly with the housing market coming back to life, analysts and business owners say companies are still hampered by weak sales and pangs of uncertainty, particularly over tax and government policies.

Small businesses typically have been engines of job creation, but their lagging performance, along with a sharp drop in the rate of new startups, has been a key reason employment growth has remained mediocre.

Since the jobs recovery began in February 2010, employment at companies with 1,000 or more workers has grown by more than 8 percent, according to payroll processor Automatic Data Processing and research firm Moody’s Analytics.

But for firms with fewer than 20 employees, which constitute the bulk of businesses, the net job increase has been just 3.4 percent over that period, though the gap has narrowed somewhat in the past year.

The payroll tax increase at the start of this year and the government spending cuts that began March 1 won’t help matters. Combined, they are expected to slow economic growth markedly this year, which will probably hit smaller businesses harder because they have less financial cushion to absorb temporary jolts.

The most recent survey by the National Federation of Independent Business, a major trade group for small employers, found that its confidence index had ticked a little higher in January but remained at one of the lowest levels in four decades.

Optimism is stronger in some regions, but relatively few firms across the country indicate plans to hire or invest in new equipment.

“There’s a disconnect,” said Champ Land, 60, a furniture maker in Troutman, N.C., who employs 26 workers. “I’ve got money in the stock market, and I’m feeling some of it,” he said of this week’s surge on Wall Street.

He considered the disconnect between Wall Street and Main Street bittersweet. His business, Troutman Chair Co., and others in his industry are still struggling to recover from the Great Recession.

“Small-town America is not feeling it,” Land said.

Economists point to a number of factors for the gap between multinational giants and little firms, such as Land’s.

Small businesses were hit disproportionately hard by the downturn because they dominate the real estate industry. When the housing market collapsed, many mom-and-pop operations saw an erosion not only in sales but also in the value of their own properties, which many had used to support their business.

Federal Reserve data show that demand for loans from small businesses is picking up, but credit remains tight. With fewer community banks and without the option to tap capital markets, many small employers have few places to go for cash.

Financing is one side of the problem. The bigger obstacle has been slow sales.

Consumer spending has been uneven and mostly weak, and small companies have not benefited nearly as much from the recovery in U.S. manufacturing and increased exports.

Researchers at Citigroup estimate that large firms, those with 500 or more employees, account for two-thirds of U.S. exports. In part, this has been aided by the weakening dollar, which “systematically raises large-firm employment relative to that of small firms,” the Citigroup economists concluded.

For this and other reasons, they said in a recent report, the “small firm sector is under substantial stress.”